Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga (1395 – 23 September 1444) was Marquess of Mantua from 1407 to 1444. He was also a condottiero.
Gianfrancesco inherited the rule of Mantua in 1407, when he was 12. In his first years he was under the patronage of his uncle Carlo Malatesta and, indirectly, of the Republic of Venice. In 1409 he married Paola Malatesta, daughter of Malatesta V Malatesta of Pesaro, by whom he had a son, Ludovico, who succeeded him as Marquess of Mantua. He was the first Gonzaga to bear the title of marquess, which he obtained by Emperor Sigismund on September 22, 1433.
He fought for the Papal States and the Malatestas in 1412 and 1417, respectively, and was capitano generale (commander-in-chief) of the Venetian Armies from 1432. Later he left the alliance with Venice and entered at the service of the Visconti of Milan, starting an unsuccessful war against Venice which caused the lost of several Mantuan territories.
During his reign the famous humanist Vittorino da Feltre was called in Mantua, as well as numerous artists like Pisanello and others, starting the traditional role of the city as a capital of Italian Renaissance. He founded the first workshop in Italy for the manufacture of tapestries.
| Preceded by Francesco I |
Lord of Mantua 1407–1433 |
Succeeded by became Marquis of Mantua |
| Preceded by new title |
Marquess of Mantua 1433–1444 |
Succeeded by Ludovico II |